United News of Bangladesh

Spain has announced plans to ban children under the age of 16 from using social media, joining a growing number of European countries seeking tighter online protections for minors. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez made the announcement at the World Governments Summit in Dubai on Tuesday, saying children must be shielded from what he called the “digital Wild West.” The proposed ban, which still requires approval from parliament, is part of a broader package of digital reforms. These include holding senior executives of social media companies legally responsible for illegal or harmful content shared on their platforms. Australia became the first country in the world to introduce such a ban last year, and several nations are now closely watching its outcome. France, Denmark and Austria have said they are considering similar age limits, while the UK government has launched a consultation on whether to restrict social media use for under-16s. Sánchez said social media exposes children to addiction, abuse, pornography, manipulation and violence, arguing that young users are being left alone in spaces they are not ready to navigate. Under the proposed Spanish law, platforms would be required to introduce strong and effective age verification systems, going beyond simple check boxes. The changes would also criminalise the manipulation of algorithms to boost illegal content and disinformation for profit. The prime minister said the government would no longer accept claims that technology is neutral, stressing that platforms and actors behind harmful content would be investigated. A new system would also be created to monitor how digital platforms fuel hate and social division, although details were not provided. Read More: UK to consult on possible social media ban for under-16s Spain also plans to investigate and prosecute crimes linked to platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and Grok, the AI tool linked to X. The European Commission and the UK have already launched investigations into Grok, while French authorities recently raided X’s offices as part of a cybercrime probe. Passing the law could prove challenging, as Sánchez’s left-wing coalition lacks a parliamentary majority. However, the main opposition People’s Party has expressed support, while the far-right Vox party has opposed the move. Reacting to the announcement, X owner Elon Musk criticised Sánchez, calling him a “tyrant and traitor.” Meanwhile, France continues to push for tougher rules, with President Emmanuel Macron aiming to ban social media for under-15s by the start of the next school year in September.   #With inputs from BBC

Snapchat’s parent company, Snap, has reached a settlement in a high-profile social media addiction lawsuit just days before the case was set to go to trial in Los Angeles. The settlement terms were not disclosed. At a California Superior Court hearing, lawyers confirmed the resolution, and Snap told the BBC that both parties were “pleased to have been able to resolve this matter in an amicable manner.” Other tech giants named in the lawsuit, including Instagram owner Meta, TikTok parent ByteDance, and YouTube owner Alphabet, have not settled. The lawsuit was filed by a 19-year-old woman, identified only by her initials K.G.M., who claimed that the platforms’ algorithmic designs left her addicted and negatively impacted her mental health. UK to consult on possible social media ban for under-16s With Snap now settled, the trial will proceed against Meta, TikTok, and Alphabet, with jury selection scheduled for 27 January. Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg is expected to testify, while Snap CEO Evan Spiegel was slated to appear before the settlement. Meta, TikTok, and Alphabet did not respond to BBC requests for comment regarding Snap’s settlement. Snap remains a defendant in other consolidated social media addiction lawsuits. Legal experts say the cases could test a long-standing defense used by social media companies, which relies on Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 to avoid liability for content posted by third parties. Australia cracks down on child social media use, 4.7 million accounts taken down Plaintiffs argue that the platforms are intentionally designed to foster addictive behavior through algorithms and notifications, contributing to mental health issues such as depression and eating disorders. Social media companies maintain that the evidence presented so far does not establish responsibility for these alleged harms. #With inputs from BBC 

The UK government has announced plans to consult on whether social media use should be banned for children under 16, alongside steps to tighten controls on mobile phone use in schools. As part of “immediate action”, Ofsted will be given authority to review schools’ phone-use policies during inspections, with schools expected to become “phone-free by default”. Staff may also be advised not to use personal devices in front of students. The move follows growing political and public pressure, including a letter from more than 60 Labour MPs and calls from Esther Ghey, the mother of murdered teenager Brianna Ghey. “Some argue that vulnerable children need access to social media to find their community,” she wrote. “As the parent of an extremely vulnerable and trans child, I strongly disagree. In Brianna's case, social media limited her ability to engage in real-world social interactions.” The Department of Science, Innovation and Technology said the consultation will “seek views from parents, young people and civil society” and assess stronger age-verification measures. It will also consider limiting features that “drive compulsive use of social media”. The government is expected to respond in the summer. Technology Secretary Liz Kendall said existing online safety laws were “never meant to be the end point”, adding: “We are determined to ensure technology enriches children's lives, not harms them and to give every child the childhood they deserve.” Opposition parties and education unions offered mixed reactions. Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch criticised the move as “more dither and delay”, while Liberal Democrats warned the consultation could slow action. Teaching unions broadly welcomed the shift but raised concerns about Ofsted’s role and the wider impact of screen time. Read More: Australia cracks down on child social media use, 4.7 million accounts taken down The issue is also being debated in the House of Lords, though experts and child safety organisations remain divided on whether age-based bans are effective.

Bangladesh now stands at a threshold where the familiar theatre of politics is being rewritten before our very eyes. Once, the story was told through posters plastered on cracked walls, festoons strung across narrow lanes, and the blare of megaphones cutting through the night. Now, the script has changed. The new battlefield is the screen; the new weapons are memes. Laughter slices deeper than slogans. Irony pierces harder than pamphlets. Once, citizens gathered in town squares, markets, or outside city halls to speak up, protest, and debate. They held signs, chanted slogans, and faced one another. Today, that stage has mostly shifted - into our phones. Social media is now the battlefield, the meeting place, the soapbox all in one. In this new “public square,” comment threads, TikTok videos, meme pages, and viral posts have replaced physical rallies. Political stories, grievances, and loyalties are born, spread, and challenged in real time - often by ordinary people, not just by the powerful. This change brings both hope and danger. On the bright side, a single meme or clever post can circle the country overnight. Voices once ignored - students, artists, the quiet observers - can now speak and be heard. It is now obvious that the great battle for power is no longer fought only in the streets — it is being waged in the feeds of the masses. The ‘Youthquake’ that lit the fire: July 2024 The turning point came with the student uprisings of July 2024. Streets thundered with chants, but the internet raged with a parallel storm. Memes seared authority with biting wit, hashtags outpaced the speed of slogans, and protest art became the new graffiti—spray-painted not only on the walls, but also across screens. What once was dismissed as jest turned into a clarion call, it was not just mere annotation anymore. It was mobilization. And in that moment, the internet was not just a witness to history, it became history’s weapon. Our soil is especially ripe for this transformation because Bangladesh is a young country. Youth make up about one-third of our population.  Among registered voters, more than 30 percent are under 35. But until recently, many of those young people stayed away from elections. A survey found that 54 percent of youths had never voted in a general election. Another study reported 75 percent of youth said they had never participated in a national election. Then came July 2024. The student uprisings shook things, and young people poured into streets and into screens. Hashtags, meme pages, comment threads - politics became a conversation again, not just a grand show by old parties. Some who had never voted before began reading debates in comments, watching candidate profiles, sharing sarcastic memes about corruption, inequality, demand for change. The mix of memes and youth has created new fault lines. The young are less patient with old speeches, more drawn to sharp humor, more likely to share than just listen. In a filtered feed, one clever meme can travel faster and wider than a campaign leaflet ever could. Satire sharpens its edge: DUCSU 2025 The tide swelled in 2025 through the Dhaka University Central Students Union (DUCSU) and hall union elections. Campaigns abandoned hollow chants and embraced parody. Posters mocked currency. Slogans dripped with sarcasm, and memes that were once laughed off as simple jokes began to carry real weight, almost like political manifestos. But every sword casts a dreadful shadow as well. With satire came smear. Falsehoods spread like wildfire, targeting candidates, especially women, with venomous precision. The Election Commission intervened with warnings. It felt as if online missteps could carry the same weight as tampering with ballots. A sobering truth emerged - satire was no longer just harmless fun. It had become a fatal double-edged weapon, capable of ending someone’s career as easily as saving it. Faceless army: The bot Invasion Yet hidden behind the scene, a silent power directs the show. Bot armies, silent and relentless, amplify narratives, drown dissent and create illusions of consensus. A candidate’s popularity, or its perception at least, can be inflated in minutes. Critics can be buried beneath waves of coordinated noise. For the common voter scrolling through their feed, the line between genuine support and engineered approval has all but disappeared. Humor may lighten the meme wars, but distortion fuels them. And in this strange new arena, the opponent may not be another citizen; but an ‘Army of Shadows’. Election 2026: Rules of war rewritten As the nation steels itself for the 13th general election in 2026, the Election Commission has laid down a new code of combat. The old order is gone. Posters, festoons, and PVC banners - all summarily banished. Billboard ads, once towering symbols of influence, cut down to just twenty per constituency. Every social media handle must now be declared, every message subject to scrutiny. A single misleading post could summon not applause but imprisonment and a fine sharp enough to cripple a campaign. Clearly, the age of poster wars has ended. The age of meme wars has begun. No longer will victory belong to those who command the walls of a city. It will belong to those who command its feeds. Candidates who wield satire with skill and algorithms with precision will surge forward. Those clinging to the relics of the old world will fade into irrelevance. But the danger is stark as one careless meme can undo a career. One viral punchline can crown a leader. The margin between triumph and ruin has never been so thin. Warnings from Abroad Look abroad for signs of what may come. In Germany’s 2021 federal election, researchers documented how campaigns and disinformation used social media to sway voters. Platforms struggled to stem the tide of fake news flooding timelines. One study found that extra ad impressions on social media could shift vote shares by a few percentage points. (OUP Academic) Meanwhile, in Tanzania, ahead of its 2025 election, the government blocked access to X (formerly Twitter) after alleged “cyberattacks” — raising questions about whether this new “public square” can be shut down at will. These examples reveal both the promise and peril of digital politics: memes and algorithms can spark change, but they can also be captured, censored, or twisted by those in control. Perils of the ‘new age’ Yet the odyssey ahead is artful. The imposed regulations on ‘harmful content’ may become a stern shackle for dissent. Legions of bots could shake the very foundations of democracy, turning honest debate into a battlefield of deception. It is certain that the eco-friendly reforms will save the environment, but there lies risks of sidelining candidates who lack digital muscle to compete. Thus, the stage of Bangladeshi politics has been transformed. The festoon and the poster, once the lifeblood of campaigns, now surrender to social media, memes and hashtags. What once simply entertained has become a calculated strategy. What once adorned walls now shapes destinies. As the countdown to the 2026 election continues, one thing is clear - the real fight won’t be in crowded squares or noisy rallies, but in the digital feeds where stories are crafted, sharpened, and spread. And make no mistake, that battle is already underway. The streets may still reverberate with echoes, but the screens will be the dominant medium, for sure. And, in this kingdom of pixels and punchlines, the victor will not be the one who shouts the loudest, but the one who makes the world laugh, click and believe.

The Election Commission is seriously working to design an effective strategy to curb the abuse of artificial intelligence (AI) and social media, considering the fight against misinformation and disinformation on social media as a major challenge during the upcoming national election slated for February 2026. The current commission, headed by AMM Nasir Uddin, believes the spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media could hamper a congenial electoral environment ahead of the 13th parliamentary election in this era of artificial intelligence and digital platforms. Taking the issue seriously, the EC has already incorporated several provisions in the Code of Conduct for Political Parties and Candidates in Parliamentary Election Rule 2025 to check the misuse of AI and social media. Besides, the commission has planned to form a central cell or committee to effectively control AI- and social media-related abuses. “We’ll form a committee to effectively control the abuses of AI and social media. But it may be a central cell or an effective committee. We’ve yet to define its name,” EC Senior Secretary Akhtar Ahmed told UNB on Wednesday. Alongside the central committee, the Commission may also set up committees at district or upazila level to contain such abuses, if necessary. NBR unveils 10-year strategy to strengthen domestic revenue mobilisation In the Code of Conduct for Political Parties and Candidates in Parliamentary Election Rule 2025 finalized on September 4, the EC imposed a ban on the misuse of AI and social media, along with restrictions on drones and quadcopters in election campaigns. According to the clause 16 of the code of conduct, a candidate or his election agent or any other persons on his behalf can carry out election campaign on social media, but the name and account ID, e-mail ID and other identifying information of a candidate or his election agent or party related social media must be submitted to the Returning Officer before the commencement of the campaign. In the case of social media campaigns, Artificial Intelligence (AI) cannot be used for malicious purposes in any election-related matter, including campaigning. As per the clause, all types of harmful content, including hate speech, misinformation, disfiguring someone's face and fabricated election-related information, shall not be created and disseminated as well as hate speech, personal attacks, or inflammatory language targeting opponents, women, minorities, or any other group of people shall not be used in the social media. Bangladesh Polls: Lines redrawn, but 22 upazilas still stranded between 2 seats The clause also states that religious or ethnic sentiments must not be exploited for electoral gain; and the authenticity of all election-related content must be verified before publication or sharing on social media. It further states that no political party, candidate, or supporter shall create, publish, circulate or share any false, misleading, biased, hateful, obscene, offensive or defamatory content on social media or any other medium, generally or by editing or by means of Artificial Intelligence (AI), with the intention of misleading voters or of defaming the character or reputation of any candidate or person, regardless of gender. The maximum punishment for violating this code is six months’ imprisonment, or a fine of Tk 150,000 or both. Chief Election Commissioner AMM Nasir Uddin on several occasions stressed that the misuse of AI and social media poses a major challenge ahead of the next national election. "With the misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is possible to circulate content using my exact image and voice. In this election, such abuse of AI has emerged as a major challenge for us. We are trying to address it," he said at a function in Khulna on July 26 last. He said AI can generate a massive volume of misinformation and disinformation in some cases, which disrupt the election campaigns completely. This is a modern threat of the digital era, which is more dangerous than weapons, he added. In his latest remarks on September 28, the CEC reiterated that the Commission has been working seriously to fight the abuse of AI, misinformation and disinformation on social media during the upcoming national election. “We’ve been seriously working on this issue for a long time. InshAllah, we’ll develop a central communication cell. We’re fully aware of the consequences of abuse of social media and AI,” he said. Senior election officers at a conference at Nirbachan Bhaban on September 27 last also raised the issue saying that they must fight the abuse of AI and social media to ensure a congenial atmosphere in the upcoming election.    

Chief Election Commissioner AMM Nasir Uddin on Sunday said the Election Commission has been seriously working to fight the abuse of artificial intelligence (AI), misinformation and disinformation on social media during the upcoming national election slated for February next. “We’ve been seriously working on this issue for a long time. InshAllah, we’ll develop a central communication cell. We’re fully aware of the consequences of abuse of social media and AI,” he said. The CEC made the remarks while delivering concluding speech at the EC’s dialogue with civil society representatives at Nirbachan Bhaban in the city’s Agargaon area. With the talks, the Election Commission opened a series of dialogues with different stakeholders ahead of the next general election planned to be held in early February 2026. He said many good suggestions came out from this discussion. “We’ll try to implement these, which are possible for us.” Noting that the Election Commission has brought back its authority to cancel the election of an entire constituency, (which was taken away in 2023), the CEC said, “If we see any problem, we’ll cancel the election of the whole constituency immediately.” He said the Commission will later arrange the polls at the constituency by deploying a huge number of security members. Nasir Uddin, in his introductory speech, said the EC is making strong progress to ensure a free, fair and credible national election. “We have already moved far ahead in making the necessary preparations for holding this election in a fair and proper manner. We are committed to delivering a free, fair and credible election. Our honourable Chief Adviser has also expressed the same,” he said. Focusing on the progress of electoral preparations, Nasir Uddin said since assuming office on November 24, 2024, the current Commission has completed a number of tasks keeping eye on the upcoming 13th parliamentary polls. The Commission has updated the voter list, amended the RPO (Representation of the People Order) and revised the electoral code of conduct. The EC worked on amendments on a total of nine laws. “Our procurement process has also advanced,” he added. Turning to the EC’s dialogue, the CEC said, “We sincerely believe that today’s discussion will play an important role in making the upcoming election fair, beautiful and acceptable.” On the postal balloting system for expatriate Bangladeshis, he said there has been a postal balloting system in the law. “It has been in the book, but not in practice,” he said. Although the rights of expatriates were recognised in the past, no effective mechanism existed for them to exercise their franchise, said the CEC. No room for confusion over JaPa’s registration, symbol: presidium member Rezaul “We are now working vigorously to introduce IT-supported postal ballots for expatriates. After extensive studies and research, the Commission has developed the IT-supported postal ballot system,” he said. Nasir Uddin added that the Commission is working on arrangements for out-of-country voting as well as ensuring the franchise of those engaged in election duty on polling day. “Almost a million people are involved in the electoral process. They cannot vote. Returning officers and presiding officers cannot vote. We will address it, InshAllah, and ensure the voting rights of all,” he assured. He said arrangements will also be made for prisoners, government officials away from their constituencies during polling. These initiatives will become milestones for the Election Commission, he added. Election commissioners Abdur Rahmanel Masud, Tahmida Ahmad, Md Anwarul Islam Sarker and Brig Gen (retd) Abdul Fazal Md Sanaullah were present at the discussion moderated by EC Senior Secretary Akhtar Ahmed. Among the representatives of the civil society, former caretaker government adviser Rasheda K Chowdhury, former ambassador M Humayun Kabir, Dhaka University’s Mass Communication and Journalism Professor Robaet Ferdous, Vice Chancellor of Chittagong University Dr Muhammad Yeahia Akhter, Osmani Centre for Peace and Security Studies Lt Gen (retd) Md Mahfuzur Rahman and Police Reform Commission member (Student representative) Zarif Rahman attended the dialogue. Later in the afternoon, the Commission will hold talks with eminent educationists and professors at the same venue. In the electoral roadmap unveiled last month, the Commission said the dialogues with stakeholders—including political parties, civil society members, media persons, observers, election experts and July movement activists—would begin in the last week of September and be completed within one and a half months.

Home Affairs Adviser Lt Gen (retd) Jahangir Alam Chowdhury on Sunday warned that tougher action will be taken against those spreading rumours or inciting communal unrest on social media centring Durga Puja. The adviser came up with the warning while briefing reporters after a meeting of the Core Committee on Law and Order at the Secretariat. He said that there will be 33,355 Puja mandaps across the country this year, nearly an increase by over 1000 compared to the past year. To ensure security, Ansar members have been deployed since September 24 and will remain on duty until October 2, he said, adding that nearly one lakh security personnel, including Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) platoons have been deployed for the Puja security. Besides, seven members from each Puja committee will perform round-the-clock duty, while some 80,000 volunteers assigned by the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs have been linked through the NTMC app for community-level vigilance, he said. Prof Yunus extends greetings to Hindu community on Durga Puja Nearly 70,000 police personnel are also engaged alongside intelligence surveillance at vulnerable temples, said the adviser, adding, “Rumour-mongers and communal instigators on social media will face strict action. We have already received reports of such attempts in different areas.” Responding to a query, he said, “Chief Adviser has already informed the UN that elections will be held in February. We are preparing our law-and-order measures keeping that in mind.” On possible sabotage during Puja, the adviser dismissed concerns saying that there is no threat. No security threat during Durga Puja: Home Adviser “I personally visited mandaps in Dhaka, Narayanganj and Munshiganj and found no sign of unrest. A handful of fascist collaborators are trying to spread panic, but they will not succeed,” Jahangir Alam added.

The assassination of conservative activist Charlie Kirk on Wednesday highlighted how the role of traditional media as a “gatekeeper” has eroded in the age of smartphones and social platforms. While mainstream news outlets avoided showing the moment Kirk was shot, graphic videos of the attack were available almost instantly online — from multiple angles, in slow-motion and real time — and were viewed by millions on platforms including X, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, YouTube and Truth Social. Kirk was gunned down during a public event at a Utah college campus in front of hundreds of people, many of whom were filming on their phones. On X, videos showed the direct impact of the bullet, while others captured his remarks just before the shooting, reportedly about gun violence. For generations, newspapers and broadcasters exercised editorial control over violent imagery. But in today’s fragmented media landscape, such restraint has little effect. The viral spread of the Kirk video demonstrated how fast images now circulate beyond the oversight of newsrooms. The speed shocked many. In New York, a college professor recalled her teenage sons texting her about Kirk’s death after school, convinced by the video that he could not have survived. Others online pleaded for people not to share the footage, citing the pain for Kirk’s family. Tech companies responded cautiously. YouTube said it removed some graphic clips and restricted others to adult users. Meta applied warning labels on Facebook and Instagram, while X offered no immediate comment. The episode echoed earlier challenges, such as when Facebook struggled with livestreams of mass shootings. Some blurred versions of the video appeared in outlets like TMZ and the New York Post, but most traditional media stuck to showing the moments before and after the attack. Experts said this caution still matters — both to protect audiences and to signal what should be stigmatized rather than normalized. Yet with the images already spreading widely, the episode underscored the challenges of a polarized country grappling with graphic violence in the digital age. “We are broken, and potentially beyond repair,” CNN’s David Chalian observed.

The Ministry of Home Affairs on Saturday said the audio clip circulated on social media in the name of Home Affairs Adviser Lieutenant General (retd) Md Jahangir Alam Chowdhury involving Gono Parishad Odhikar leader Nurul Haque Nur is ‘fake or AI-generated’. The fabricated 25-second audio clip shared from multiple accounts including one named ‘Ismail Chowdhury Samrat’ attempted to show the adviser instructing an anonymous police officer regarding Nur, said a statement of the Home Ministry. The ministry clarified that the voice in the clip does not belong to the adviser but is an artificially generated or distorted version. Anyone familiar with the adviser’s voice can easily understand that it is not his voice, the statement said. The ministry said such false and misleading content misinforms the public, spreads rumours and undermines social order and the rule of law. The Ministry of Home Affairs strongly protests the creation and circulation of such fabricated audio recordings and the responsible people will be brought under strict legal action, it said. The ministry also cautioned against making or spreading any fake audio or content on social media and warned that legal action will be taken against those involved in such activities.

A proposed ban on social media accounts for minors under 18 in Texas has stalled, as state lawmakers failed to hold a critical vote ahead of a looming deadline, likely ending the push for what would have been one of the strictest measures of its kind in the U.S. The bill, which had already passed the Republican-led Texas House, sought to go beyond Florida’s restrictions on social media use by children under 14. By comparison, Australia has implemented a ban on users under 16. However, momentum behind the Texas legislation faltered in the state Senate late in the session, with lawmakers facing a weekend deadline to pass bills and send them to Republican Governor Greg Abbott. Abbott has not publicly expressed support or opposition to the proposal, which drew strong resistance from tech industry groups and free speech advocates, who argued it would violate constitutional rights. “This bill was the best way to protect children in this state,” said Republican Representative Jared Patterson, who sponsored the legislation, on Wednesday. The Texas legislative session concludes on Monday, leaving little time for the bill to advance. If enacted, the measure would have marked another major attempt by states to regulate when and how minors access social media. Texas is home to a growing number of major tech firms, including Elon Musk-owned X (formerly Twitter). Earlier this week, Governor Abbott signed a separate bill into law requiring Apple and Google to verify users' ages in app stores and obtain parental consent for minors to download apps or make in-app purchases — a move similar to legislation passed in Utah earlier this year. The proposed Texas social media ban is part of a broader, bipartisan effort across the U.S. to curb the harmful effects of social media on children. Critics accuse tech platforms of using addictive features to hook young users, failing to prevent exposure to harmful content, and inadequately addressing online abuse. A December 2024 Pew Research Center report found that nearly half of American teens report being online "constantly," despite growing concerns about the mental health impact of excessive screen time and social media use. The American Psychological Association has urged both lawmakers and tech companies to take steps to protect young users, warning that social media poses significant risks to children and teens who struggle with impulse control and the ability to disconnect. Various states and countries have attempted to implement similar safeguards, though not all efforts have withstood legal scrutiny. In 2024, a federal judge temporarily blocked Utah’s groundbreaking law that required social media companies to verify user ages and impose limitations on minors' accounts. California, home to many of the world’s biggest tech companies, will ban platforms from offering addictive feeds to children without parental permission starting in 2027. Meanwhile, a new law in New York allows parents to prevent algorithm-driven content suggestions from reaching their children on social media platforms.